Riego solar fotovoltaico, el aliado de la agricultura de regadío

Guillermo Agricultura, Consejos, España, Europa, General77 comentarios

¿Sabías que a partir de 2020, en la UE, el 20 % de la energía consumida debe ser de origen renovable? Y esto también afectará al sector agrícola. Por eso, muchas explotaciones ven el riego solar fotovoltaico como un potente aliado para la agricultura de regadío.

La apuesta por las energías renovables es un must en todos los sistemas productivos (automoción, industria, turismo…) y la agricultura no puede quedarse al margen de esta tendencia, convertida ya en desafío por la FAO, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta que el mayor consumo energético en nuestro sector se produce en la agricultura de regadío. La agricultura de regadío es más productiva y ha llevado al sector agrícola español a ser referente a nivel europeo y mundial: España ha conseguido que del total, 3,4 millones de hectáreas, el 70% se exploten con un sistema de riego por goteo y aspersión, mucho más eficiente.

El riego por goteo y aspersión ha permitido a los productores tener un control más preciso de su consumo de agua y un ahorro de este recurso tan escaso en algunas zonas o, en otras, difícilmente explotable por encontrarse en acuíferos subterráneos. En contrapartida, han visto como en los últimos años, debido a las subidas constantes en las tarifas eléctricas, su factura energética ha aumentado considerablemente.

Por eso es necesario un nuevo impulso que vendrá por parte del uso de las energías renovables. En concreto hablamos de la energía solar fotovoltaica.

Pero ¿en qué consiste el riego solar fotovoltaico?

Este tipo de riego se basa en el aprovechamiento de un recurso ilimitado, la radiación solar, para generar energía que será utilizada para alimentar los sistemas de bombeo y eléctricos de la instalación de riego de la explotación.

En forma resumida, una instalación de energía solar fotovoltaica está compuesta por:

  • Paneles fotovoltaicos que convierten la energía de la radiación solar en corriente continua.
  • Una estructura sobre la que se disponen los paneles solares.
  • Un cuadro de control, el sistema formado por el variador de frecuencia y demás elementos que gestionan la instalación.
  • Un sistema de bombeo que extrae el agua y la almacena en una balsa para su posterior uso o alimenta directamente a la red de riego.
  • Sistemas de monitorización para tener el control completo de la instalación y el consumo en tiempo real.

Ventajas del riego solar fotovoltaico

Las ventajas que presentan estos sistemas de riego son notables, y lo más importante, apreciables a corto plazo. Por eso, cada vez más empresas han apostado por la energía solar fotovoltaica como sistema alternativo o complementario a la red eléctrica, para abastecer de energía a los sistemas de bombeo y la red de riego.

Estas instalaciones permiten aislar la explotación agrícola de la red eléctrica general, pudiendo llegar así a ser autosuficiente en el consumo energético. Con ello, disminuye la factura eléctrica de la explotación y aumenta la rentabilidad para el agricultor. Estos sistemas también pueden ser aplicados en zonas aisladas con un acceso deficiente a la red eléctrica, permitiendo con ello el desarrollo de estas áreas marginales y fijar población en el medio rural.

Además, debido a la instalación de sistemas de monitorización, se consigue una mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua, ya que no solo se puede tener un control casi total de la instalación de riego desde dispositivos móviles, sino también acceso a un histórico de datos de uso y gasto. Si a estos sistemas les sumamos tecnologías TIC, que ajustan la disponibilidad eléctrica con las necesidades de riego, tenemos una combinación perfecta que aumenta de forma considerable la eficiencia. Además, los paneles fotovoltaicos generan energía eléctrica suficiente para abastecer los diferentes motores y elementos eléctricos de la red de riego (pivotes, sistemas de monitorización, sensores, etc.).

Todo esto se traduce en una mejora notable de la sostenibilidad de la explotación, que reduce su huella hídrica y ambiental, se alinea con los nuevos objetivos de la política agraria comunitaria y asume las demandas de un consumidor cada vez más concienciado con el medio ambiente.

 

 

Fuente: www.lahuertadigital.es

Autor: Guillermo

77 comentarios

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